Pseudolymphomas caused by tattoo pigment are characteristically plum to red coloured nodules and plaques. Again, red pigment is the main cause but it has also been reported with green and blue pigments. These are usually the result of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tattoo pigment and in an attempt to degrade the foreign body material. Most commonly red, but also, green, blue and purple pigment tattoos, and UV-visible tattoos have been associated with granulomatous reactions. Granulomatous reactions in tattoos can also occur in patients with sarcoidosis. A foreign body reaction to pigment may cause raised red bumps at the site of the tattoo that are made up of epithelioid cells, lymphocytes and a few giant cells. The term granuloma refers to the particular kind of cells that cause the reaction. This phototoxic reaction caused by cadmium sulfide can also occur in red tattoos, as trace amounts of cadmium are added to brighten red tattoo pigment. Swelling and redness develop around the tattoo site. Yellow tattoos created from cadmium sulfide are at most risk of causing hypersensitivity reactions when they are exposed to sunlight. In this case, the dye is black in colour, so-called black henna. Henna itself should be safe, but the dye is often mixed with paraphenylenediamine (PPD), a chemical substance that is well known for causing allergic reactions in people sensitive to it.
Colored india ink tattoo skin#
Henna tattoos are non-permanent tattoos where henna dye is painted onto the skin with an artist's brush resulting in a brownish stain. Composition of Tattoo Pigment Colours ColourĪllergic contact dermatitis has also been reported in people with henna tattoos. The table below lists some agents that have been used. There are no regulations for tattoo inks or colour additives, which contain inorganic pigments and carbon black, and/or organic pigments from various chemical classes. The components of tattoo ink are difficult to determine and undergo changes with time. Hypersensitivity reactions to pigments used to make black, blue, purple and green tattoos are much less common. Red tattoo pigments cause the most reactions, particularly those made from mercury sulfide (cinnabar).
The reaction usually appears as an inflamed red rash or may sometimes be scaly and flaky ( exfoliative dermatitis). The two most common hypersensitivity reactions to tattoo pigments are allergic contact dermatitis and photoallergic dermatitis. Transmission of serious blood-borne infections may occur. Microorganisms have also been found in contaminated tattoo ink.
The following skin infections have been reported however, emphasising the need to undergo the procedure in a clean environment using sterile equipment.
A tattoo can result in psoriasis, lichen planus or vitiligo by this mechanism. The koebner phenomenondescribes the appearance of new lesions of an existing skin disease within a cutaneous injury. It is an expected side effect of the tattooing process. There may be transient redness and swelling of the area that disappears within 2–3 weeks. An acute inflammatory reaction is in direct response to the piercing of the skin with needles impregnated with pigment dyes prepared from metal salts.
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