Among all items that were unavailable, 64% were in small grocery stores. In neighborhoods served by smaller grocery stores, access to whole-grain products, low-fat cheeses, and ground meat with <10% fat is limited. Department of Agriculture's Thrifty Food Plan ) and a healthier market basket was calculated from these prices and compared using a standard t-test to determine if they were significantly different from each other.
The average cost of a standard market basket (based on the U.S. Stores were selected from neighborhoods that were varied by income and surveyed three times from September 2003 to June 2004. Market-basket surveys were conducted in 25 stores in Los Angeles and Sacramento. We investigated the cost and availability of a standard market basket of foods, and a healthier basket that included low-fat meat and dairy and whole grain products. The food environment may have a significant impact on the choice by low-income consumers to eat healthier foods, as both the availability and price of healthier food items may limit their ability to eat a healthier diet.
Many people, especially low-income consumers, do not successfully follow dietary recommendations to eat more whole grains and less fat and added sugar. The availability and cost of healthier food alternatives. Policies to improve the relative availability of healthier alternatives may be needed to improve population health and reduce disparities. We found fewer associations between absolute availability of healthier products and community characteristics. Small stores had the largest differences: relative availability of healthier alternatives was 0.61 and 0.60, respectively, for very low-income Black and very low-income Hispanic communities, and 0.74 for very high-income White communities. Lower relative availability of healthier alternatives was associated with low-income, Black, and Hispanic communities. The mean healthier food and beverage ratio was 0.71, indicating that stores averaged 29% fewer healthier than less healthy products. Relative availability was the ratio of 7 healthier products (e.g., whole-wheat bread) to less healthy counterparts (e.g., white bread) we based absolute availability on the 7 healthier products. We analyzed pooled, annual cross-sectional data collected in 2010 to 2012 from 8462 food stores in 468 communities spanning 46 US states. We examined associations between the relative and absolute availability of healthier food and beverage alternatives at food stores and community racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and urban–rural characteristics. Rimkus, Leah Isgor, Zeynep Barker, Dianne C. Relative and Absolute Availability of Healthier Food and Beverage Alternatives Across Communities in the United States
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